ABSTRACT:
This study is to develop a research model of link chuẩn của w88 factors affecting link chuẩn của w88 development of logistics activities in Vietnam’s seafood industry by using link chuẩn của w88PEST Analysis(political, economic, social and technological). This study analyzes link chuẩn của w88 impacts of these following factors: policy environment, market capacity, human resources in logistics, information technology, infrastructure and equipment, integration, and future prospects of logistics in link chuẩn của w88 seafood industry on link chuẩn của w88 development oflogistics activitiesin Vietnam’s seafood industry. This study’s conclusions are expected to help policymakers to cary out policies on improving logistics activities in link chuẩn của w88seafood industryin Vietnam.
Keywords:logistics development, seafood industry, PEST analysis.
1. Introduction
Although link chuẩn của w88 seafood industry can be considered a strong industry of Vietnam in link chuẩn của w88 global market, its potential has not been fully exploited yet. In particular, Vietnam has a coastline of more than 3.200 km with many islands, gulfs and ten thousand hectares of inland lagoons, ponds and lakes. Vietnam’s sea is located at link chuẩn của w88 intersection of link chuẩn của w88 main fishing grounds, so it is considered to have a large and abundant seafood resources. Vietnam has strengths in exploiting and aquaculture in all saline, fresh and brackish water areas. link chuẩn của w88 exclusive maritime economic zone of about 1 million km2 brings 1.2-1.4 million tons of seafood every year.
Developing logistics in link chuẩn của w88 seafood industry, therefore, can be considered a tool for Vietnam’s economic growth. This study builds a model of factors affecting logistics development in Vietnam’s seafood industry, which is helpful for decision makers to improve link chuẩn của w88 effectiveness of commercial activities relating to seafood.
2. Literature review
There are many studies related to logistics and seafood industry in link chuẩn của w88 world, but link chuẩn của w88 works combining these two contents in link chuẩn của w88 same topic and delve into link chuẩn của w88 research on "logistics development in link chuẩn của w88 seafood industry” have not popular yet. Here are some studies relating to logistics in link chuẩn của w88 seafood industry:
M.A. Rimmer and B. Franklin (1997) published link chuẩn của w88 study named "Development of Live Fish Transport Techniques". This research was conducted in Australia. This report provides and analyzes in detail link chuẩn của w88 different aspects of shipping fresh fish. However, keeping link chuẩn của w88 fresh fish quality from link chuẩn của w88 sea to link chuẩn của w88 mainland during transportation poses a big problem. link chuẩn của w88 main effects of water quality encountered by fish during transport are low dissolved oxygen concentrations due to respiratory oxygen consumption; accumulation of carbon dioxide from respiration; decrease in pH due to carbon dioxide accumulation; and an increase in ammonia concentration due to ammonia excretion, in which an experiment examined different water quality and link chuẩn của w88 results indicated that carbon dioxide accumulation was link chuẩn của w88 main limiting factor affecting fish life during transport of alive fish. High levels of carbon dioxide cause hypercapnia and narcotize, and eventually kill fish. link chuẩn của w88 study goes into this issue and finds solutions that help Australia overcome these problems. link chuẩn của w88 greatest success of this study is to devise and evaluate Australian methods of transporting and preserving seafood products while implementing supply chains in link chuẩn của w88 market.
Alastair Iles (2006) published link chuẩn của w88 study named "Making link chuẩn của w88 seafood industry more sustainable: creating production chain transparency and accountability". link chuẩn của w88 seafood sector has been experimenting with market-based approaches in link chuẩn của w88 US and Europe since link chuẩn của w88 mid-1990s. These include consumer campaigns and Marine Stewardship Council’s certifications. Such consumption strategies have made progress but need to focus more on production and consumption. This article argues that seafood producers may be more responsible for their production impacts through a production chain perspective, making producers more transparent and creating chain pressure. manufacturing.
Lynda Haughney (2018) published link chuẩn của w88 study named "Logistics Issues in Scotland's Aquaculture Industry" in HITRANS and HIE's FISH’N’TRIPS Science Project. link chuẩn của w88 study explores ways to identify empirical evidence for link chuẩn của w88 problems of transport and logistics faced by link chuẩn của w88 Scottish aquaculture industry, and especially where these problems may hinder future growth. link chuẩn của w88 author sought to take a holistic view of link chuẩn của w88 entire industry, but also to identify those issues related to specific parts of aquaculture production, or is related to specific regions of Scotland. link chuẩn của w88 purpose of link chuẩn của w88 study’s interview is to delve into link chuẩn của w88 current and future routes and flows of inputs and outputs in aquaculture production processes, and also to discover problems and limitations now and in link chuẩn của w88 future.
3. Methodology
3.1. Data collection method
EFA factor analysis is applicable only when link chuẩn của w88 size of link chuẩn của w88 samples is at least 5 times link chuẩn của w88 total number of observed variables (Hair et al, 2018). link chuẩn của w88 study has 33 observed variables, so link chuẩn của w88 minimum number of samples is 165.
For multivariate regression analysis, link chuẩn của w88 minimum sample size is calculated by link chuẩn của w88 formula of 50 + 8 x m (m: number of independent variables) (Tabachnick and Fidell, 1996). link chuẩn của w88 study has 6 independent variables, so link chuẩn của w88 minimum sample size is 98. Thus, in order to identify link chuẩn của w88 factors affecting link chuẩn của w88 development of logistics in link chuẩn của w88 seafood industry, link chuẩn của w88 study conducted in-depth interviews and structured questionnaire surveys for aquaculture businesses. link chuẩn của w88 number of votes collected was 500, of which 483 were enough information to be used for analysis (96.6%).
link chuẩn của w88 questionnaire is designed with closed-ended questions to ask businesses to evaluate link chuẩn của w88 current status of logistics development in link chuẩn của w88 seafood industry. Ratings using link chuẩn của w88 Likert scale with 7 levels, from 1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree.
3.2. Model building basis
link chuẩn của w88 author has built a set of criteria to evaluate link chuẩn của w88 development of logistics in link chuẩn của w88 seafood industry by using PEST Analysis, including: (1) Policy environment factors; (2) Market capacity factors; (3) Logistics human resources; (4) Information technology factors; (5) Infrastructures and equipment factors; (6) Integration factors; and (7) Future perspective of logistics in link chuẩn của w88 seafood industry factors.
4. Results and discussion
4.1. Sample description statistics
From 500 questionnaire samples, link chuẩn của w88 author collected 483 valid responses, in which 5 were invalid, 10 were incomplete, link chuẩn của w88 remaining 2 rated at link chuẩn của w88 same level. link chuẩn của w88 results are classified according to link chuẩn của w88 following criteria:
- Gender: Male 37.27%, Female: 62.73%
- Age: From 25 to 35: 24.63%, From 35 to 45: 38.71%, From 45 to 55: 32.72%, Others: 4.06%
- Area: North: 29.39%, Middle: 30.86%, South: 39.75%
- link chuẩn của w88 type of cooperationg company: 1PL: 32.5%, 2PL: 45.34%, 3PL: 22.13%, 4PL & 5PL: 0%
4.1.1. Policy environment factors
link chuẩn của w88 analysis of link chuẩn của w88 policy environment factors shows that link chuẩn của w88 observed variable has a low average value and not much difference, namely: link chuẩn của w88 observed variable on "There are many preferential policies for investment and market access for logistics in link chuẩn của w88 seafood industry - MTCS2” has link chuẩn của w88 lowest value among link chuẩn của w88 factors, which is 4.3424. Its minimum value is 1 and maximum value is 6. link chuẩn của w88 average value of MTCS2 is neutral, showing that there are currently not many preferential policies for logistics in seafood businesses. Therefore, in link chuẩn của w88 near future, link chuẩn của w88 government should encourage investment in logistics in seafood market in order to promote link chuẩn của w88 industry. In contrast, link chuẩn của w88 observed variable "Simplifying link chuẩn của w88 import and export paperwork and electronic customs procedures to develop better logistics services - MTCS5" has link chuẩn của w88 highest average evaluation value (4.6617). However, this value is not really high, just passing link chuẩn của w88 neutral threshold a little, which shows that despite great efforts in simplifying import and export paperwork, and customs procedures, link chuẩn của w88 government still needs to complete link chuẩn của w88 paperwork declaration policy.
4.1.2. Market capacity factors
link chuẩn của w88 analysis of link chuẩn của w88 factor "market capacity" shows that link chuẩn của w88 observed variable of "link chuẩn của w88 market is increasingly expanding due to international economic integration - DLTT2" has link chuẩn của w88 highest average value (5.3424), with link chuẩn của w88 minimum value is 2 and link chuẩn của w88 maximum value is 7. Currently Vietnam is increasingly strengthening link chuẩn của w88 country’s international cooperation, thereby expanding opportunities for domestic businesses to seek and expand. This leads to an expansion in logistics services in Vietnam's seafood industry. Therefore, link chuẩn của w88 average value of this observed variable is also understandable. In fact, for link chuẩn của w88 export market, link chuẩn của w88 seafood industry has set an export target for 2019 of USD 3.5 billion, which is equivalent to an increase of 17%; export target to EU is USD 420 million, which is equivalent to an increase of 8%. Exports to other markets such as Japan, Korea, and link chuẩn của w88 USA are forecast to increase sharply. Specifically, exports to Japan are expected to reach US$ 900 million, which is equivalent to an increase of 27%; South Korea market is expected to reach US$ 600 million, up 27% over link chuẩn của w88 previous year; link chuẩn của w88 US market reached US$ 480 million, which is equivalent to an increase of 10%; ASEAN is expected to reach US$ 480 million, which is equivalent to an increase of 18% ...
However, link chuẩn của w88 observed variable “link chuẩn của w88 logistics capacity of your business has met link chuẩn của w88 market demand_DLTT5” has link chuẩn của w88 lowest value, which indicates that logistics enterprises' capacity has not yet met link chuẩn của w88 needs. This is a matter of concern when Vietnam integrates internationally and participates in link chuẩn của w88 global market. If Vietnam's logistics enterprises do not have good strategies to improve their service capacity, they will lose their domestic market and cannot participate in link chuẩn của w88 international market.
4.1.3. Logistics human resources factors
link chuẩn của w88 analysis of link chuẩn của w88 "logistics human resources" factors shows that link chuẩn của w88 observed variable of "Whether link chuẩn của w88 employee's professional qualifications or skills meet link chuẩn của w88 customers' needs - NNL1" has link chuẩn của w88 lowest average value (4.2129), with minimum value is 1 and maximum value is 6. link chuẩn của w88 fact shows that link chuẩn của w88 current human resources working in logistics services in link chuẩn của w88 seafood industry are mainly vocational trained or only be trained through working process. link chuẩn của w88 rate of staff with professional skills is limited. Therefore, training human resources should be a special priority in link chuẩn của w88 strategies of developing logistics services. On link chuẩn của w88 other hand, link chuẩn của w88 factor "Employees always show a warm and enthusiastic professional working attitude - NNL2" is rated quite good (at 5.3796), which shows link chuẩn của w88 enthusiasm and love for link chuẩn của w88 job of logistics staff in link chuẩn của w88 seafood industry.
4.1.4. Information technology factors
link chuẩn của w88 analysis of link chuẩn của w88 Information technology factors shows that link chuẩn của w88 observed variable "Enterprises’ information about customers who use logistics services is accurate and updated - CNTT5" has link chuẩn của w88 lowest average value at 3.6842. This shows that link chuẩn của w88 application of technology in searching for customers’ information has not been developed. In fact, logistics enterprises do not have a list of potential customers, as well as technology to find new customers. This explains why they cannot optimize link chuẩn của w88 means of transportation, leading to link chuẩn của w88 phenomenon that many cars only carry one-way goods, which create high costs.
In contrast, link chuẩn của w88 observed variable "With link chuẩn của w88 support of information technology software, your work is solved more quickly and more effectively - CNTT3" has link chuẩn của w88 highest average value, at 4.4753. This shows that when logistics businesses in link chuẩn của w88 seafood industry apply software, it will help to solve link chuẩn của w88 job more conveniently and quickly. For example, enterprises can process, check and track their orders easier. However, link chuẩn của w88 number of enterprises applying software to monitor link chuẩn của w88 process of circulation and cold storage is not much. In fact, link chuẩn của w88 application of information technology in business activities of Vietnamese enterprises is still far behind link chuẩn của w88 international level. Website construction is an instance, most of link chuẩn của w88 websites of Vietnamese enterprises only introduce themselves, but do not provide utilities and interactions that customers really need, such as tools to track orders, shipping schedules, or documents ... Therefore, websites of Vietnamese logistics companies are not highly appreciated by shippers when choosing their logistics service provider.
4.1.5. Infrastructures and equipment factors
link chuẩn của w88 analysis of link chuẩn của w88 infrastructures and equipment factors shows that link chuẩn của w88 observed variable "link chuẩn của w88 synchronization of infrastructures in seafood product shipping - HTTB3" has link chuẩn của w88 lowest average value at 3.9867, with link chuẩn của w88 minimum value 1 and link chuẩn của w88 maximum value is 7. link chuẩn của w88 fact shows that link chuẩn của w88 lack of uniformity is most noticeable between link chuẩn của w88 seaport and link chuẩn của w88 road, railway and after-service support system. Besides, there is a lack of logistics centers with convenient locations in each key economic region. In contrast, link chuẩn của w88 observed variable “link chuẩn của w88 company's transport means is equipped with suitable equipment to seafood products such as: refrigeration container, cold storage - HTTB1” has link chuẩn của w88 highest average value at 4.3183. This value, however, is not high, which shows that although link chuẩn của w88 means of transport are equipped fully, link chuẩn của w88 quality of equipment and link chuẩn của w88 level of conformity with link chuẩn của w88 characteristics of seafood products is not high. A survey by link chuẩn của w88 Marine Research Institute shows that there is a lack of deep-freezing warehouses to store seafood, and commercial cold storage with large capacity is mostly concentrated in link chuẩn của w88 Southeast region (Ho Chi Minh City and Binh Duong). In areas where there is a need for key aquatic product reserves such as An Giang, Dong Thap, Ca Mau, Kien Giang and Ben Tre Provinces, there is not enough warehouse. Areas such as Saigon Port and Hai Phong Port do not have a bonded cold storage for import and export of seafood and vegetables. A system of standard cold storage systems has not yet been established to serve distribution in large commercial and urban centers throughout link chuẩn của w88 country. There is no system of bonded cold storage located in big consumer markets such as link chuẩn của w88 EU, link chuẩn của w88 US, and Japan. Regarding technology, there are many cold storages with old equipment and management method, and unqualified temperatures affecting link chuẩn của w88 products of businesses.
4.1.6. Integration factors
link chuẩn của w88 results of link chuẩn của w88 integration factor analysis show that link chuẩn của w88 observed variable of "Participation in Trade Agreements and International Organizations has impacted on link chuẩn của w88 development of logistics in link chuẩn của w88 seafood industry - HN3" has link chuẩn của w88 highest average value among link chuẩn của w88 factors, at 5.7295, with link chuẩn của w88 minimum value is 1 and link chuẩn của w88 maximum value is 7. link chuẩn của w88 fact shows that, when participating in link chuẩn của w88 international agreements and organizations, Vietnamese seafood products have more opportunities to enter link chuẩn của w88 international market deeply and widely, which in turn push logistics in link chuẩn của w88 seafood industry. For example, link chuẩn của w88 WTO Agreement is gradually removing restrictions on FDI in Vietnamese logistics. This leads to more international logistics enterprises to enter Vietnamese market, more joint venture between international and domestic companies, and more consolidation service providers. Therefore, Vietnamese logistics in link chuẩn của w88 seafood industry begins to mature and can offer complex services.
Along with that, link chuẩn của w88 factor "link chuẩn của w88 trend of using outsourced logistics services of seafood processing enterprises is increasing - HN1" is rated at link chuẩn của w88 lowest level of 5.243, but this value compared to other factor groups is quite high. This shows that link chuẩn của w88 demand for logistics services of seafood processing enterprises is increasing. This is also consistent with link chuẩn của w88 fact that when integrating, seafood products are not only sold in link chuẩn của w88 domestic market, but link chuẩn của w88 international market is also increasingly expanding. Therefore, Vietnamese logistics is requiring more complex logistics processes, and highly specialized businesses in logistics in link chuẩn của w88 seafood industry in order to meet link chuẩn của w88 needs of seafood businesses and consumers in link chuẩn của w88 world market.
4.1.7. Future perspective of logistics in link chuẩn của w88 seafood industry factors
link chuẩn của w88 analysis of link chuẩn của w88 future perspective of logistics in link chuẩn của w88 seafood industry factors shows that link chuẩn của w88 observed variable of "link chuẩn của w88 prices of logistics services in link chuẩn của w88 seafood industry are suitable - PT1" has link chuẩn của w88 lowest average value at 3.2473, with link chuẩn của w88 minimum value is 1 and link chuẩn của w88 maximum value is 5. In fact, Vietnam's logistics costs in link chuẩn của w88 seafood industry are at a very high level. According to link chuẩn của w88 leaders of link chuẩn của w88 Ministry of Industry and Trade, link chuẩn của w88 cost of transporting a shrimp from link chuẩn của w88 Mekong Delta to link chuẩn của w88 northern border of Vietnam is higher than from Ecuador to Vietnam. Deputy Minister of Industry and Trade Tran Quoc Khanh said that in developed countries, logistics costs only account for 10 - 20% of GDP while in Vietnam, these costs can reach over 20% of GDP. According to link chuẩn của w88 leaders of link chuẩn của w88 Ministry of Industry and Trade, link chuẩn của w88 reason is that link chuẩn của w88 logistics system has not been developed equally in all localities and only concentrated in big cities such as Hanoi, Da Nang and Ho Chi Minh City while in many places such as link chuẩn của w88 Mekong Delta, which is considered link chuẩn của w88 largest granary and seafood in link chuẩn của w88 country, this service is underdeveloped.
However, link chuẩn của w88 “Logistics supplying services in link chuẩn của w88 seafood industry will thrive - PT6" is highly appreciated with its average value is 5.0271. This shows that businesses highly appreciate link chuẩn của w88 opportunity for link chuẩn của w88 development of Vietnam's logistics in link chuẩn của w88 seafood industry. In fact, Vietnamese logistics in link chuẩn của w88 seafood industry has opportunities to develop due to an increase in domestic supply as well as domestic and international demand.
5. Conclusions
- Policy environment factors: Not many policies affect link chuẩn của w88 development of logistics in link chuẩn của w88 seafood industry, and link chuẩn của w88 paperwork processes need to be improved;
- Market capacity factors: link chuẩn của w88 market is increasingly expanding but our business’ capacity has not met link chuẩn của w88 demand yet;
- Logistics human resources factors: Lack of professional staff but link chuẩn của w88 enthusiasm and love for link chuẩn của w88 job is quite high;
- Information technology factors: link chuẩn của w88 application of technology in searching for customers’ information has not been developed but link chuẩn của w88 appliance of software helps to solve link chuẩn của w88 job more conveniently and quickly;
- Infrastructures and equipment factors: link chuẩn của w88 lack of uniformity is most noticeable between link chuẩn của w88 seaport and link chuẩn của w88 road, railway and after-service support system;
- Integration factors: when participating in link chuẩn của w88 international agreements and organizations, Vietnamese seafood products have more opportunities to enter link chuẩn của w88 international market deeply and widely.
REFERENCES:
- Alastair Iles. (2006). Making link chuẩn của w88 seafood industry more sustainable: creating production chain transparency and accountability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 15(6), 577-589.
- Bạch Huệ (2019), 3,5 tỷ USD xuất khẩu hải sản và chiếc 'thẻ vàng' của EU, <https://vneconomy.vn/35-ty-usd-xuat-khau-hai-san-va-chiec-link chuẩn của w88-vang-cua-eu.htm, accessed 10 December 2020.
- Joseph F. Hair JR., William C. Black, Barry J. Babin et al. (2018). Multivariate data analysis. Boston, Massachusetts: Cengage.
- Lynda Haughney. (2018). link chuẩn của w88 logistics issues faced by link chuẩn của w88 Scottish aquaculture industry. FISH’N’TRIPS Science Project.
- A. Rimmer and B. Franklin. (1997). Development of Live Fish Transport Techniques. FRDC Projects, 93, 184 - 185.
- Minh Trí (2016), Cơ sở hạ tầng - cản ngại cho phát triển logistics, Doanh nhân Sài Gòn online, <https://doanhnhansaigon.vn/di-nghi-viet/co-so-ha-tang-can-ngai-cho-phat-trien-logistics-1075062.html.
Xây dựng mô hình các nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến phát triển logistics ngànhHải sản tại Việt Nam bằng phương pháp phân tích PEST
ThS. Đào Hồng Vân
Giảng viên Trường Đại học Đông Á
TÓMTẮT:
Nghiên cứu này nhằm xây dựng mô hình các nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến sự phát triển của hoạt động logistics trong ngành Hải sản tại Việt Nam bằng việc sử dụng phương pháp phân tích P.E.S.T (chính trị, kinh tế, xã hội và công nghệ). Nghiên cứu phân tích sự ảnh hưởng của các nhân tố, gồm môi trường chính sách, dung lượng thị trường, nguồn nhân lực logistics, công nghệ thông tin, cơ sở hạ tầng và thiết bị, hội nhập, và viễn cảnh tương lai của logistics trong ngành Hải sản đến sự phát triển của hoạt động logistics trong ngành Hải sản tại Việt Nam. Các kết luận được đưa ra trong nghiên cứu này sẽ là nền tảng cho việc hoạch định chính sách cải thiện hoạt động logistics trong ngành Hải sản tại Việt Nam.
Từ khóa:phát triển logistics, ngành Hải sản, phân tích PEST.
[Tạp chí Công Thương - Các kết quả nghiên cứu khoa học và ứng dụng công nghệ, Số 17, tháng 7 năm 2021]
